Arabica coffee beans, scientifically known as Coffea Arabica, are widely acclaimed for producing some of the world’s best coffee types with distinctive tastes. They are the world’s most consumed coffee bean species and contribute 60% of the global coffee output. These popular beans are part of everyone’s morning coffee cup.
But why is Arabica coffee so special? Could the specific climate and type of soil in the regions where it is produced or simple growing and harvesting processes have been the reason? The fact may be that so many types of coffee with different characteristics offer broad coffee experiences.
In this blog post, we will discuss Arabica coffee beans and examine their origin, unique qualities, and the techniques used to prepare this delicious brew. We will also discover why Arabica coffee beans are in high demand worldwide. Let’s start!
What are Arabica Coffee Beans?
Arabica coffee beans are derived from the Coffea arabica plant. They are famous for their mild, smooth, and fruity taste, which depends on where they are produced.
Although Arabica coffee beans originated in Ethiopia, their current production focuses on Central and South America, particularly Colombia and Brazil.
The Arabica coffee is not as bitter and has half the caffeine content of Robusta. There are varieties of coffee beans like Bourbon, Typica, Geisha, and many others, and they all taste different. It has a complex and full-bodied taste; therefore, primarily consumers prefer Arabica.
History of Arabica Coffee Beans
Below is the origin of Arabica coffee beans. Let’s see where these popular coffee beans are discovered.
Discovery in Ethiopia
The type of coffee, known scientifically as Coffea arabica, originated in the highlands of Ethiopia. Traditionally, this coffee was found in a plateau country known as Kefa (or Kaffa), where it is believed that wild coffee trees grew. Coffee’s stimulating action has been traditionally associated with a goat herder, Kaldi, who saw his goats jumping around actively and not sleeping after consuming red coffee berries.
Early Cultivation in Yemen
In the 7th century, Arabica coffee was transferred across the Red Sea to Yemen, which can be considered the start of coffee’s journey worldwide. Yemen has been described as the birthplace of coffee, and Arabic scholars at this time started to record the effects of roasted coffee beans, observing how they increased working hours. This period marked the cup of excellence of Arabica coffee production in Yemen and spread to the Arabian region.
Spread to the Rest of the World
Arabica coffee spread to India, Java, and other countries during the late 1600s. That ideal plant, the coffee tree, was already growing in Europe and the Americas by the beginning of the eighteenth century. In Europe, a coffee plant was given to King Louis XIV of Spain in 1714. The central plant played a role in the establishment of coffee cultivation in the Americas. Arabica type is estimated to account for 70% of the world’s total coffee production due to its unique taste and relatively low acidity compared to Robusta coffee.
How Do Arabica Coffee Beans Grow?
Arabica coffee beans need specific conditions to thrive, contributing to the famous flavor. They grow best at higher altitudes, which makes them stronger and more acidic. However, these optimal conditions have trade-offs, such as slower growth and higher production costs.
Unlike fast-growing Robusta coffee, Arabica plants take about five to seven years to reach full maturity, and cherries are usually harvested nine months after flowering. Arabica plants prefer a moderate climate and are sensitive to extreme temperatures, affecting their quality.
Below is the table showing the growth conditions of Arabica coffee beans.
| Growth Condition | Optimal Range | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| Altitude | 1000-2000 meters | Higher elevations enhance flavor complexity and acidity. |
| Climate | 15-25 °C | Requires a moderate climate; sensitive to frost. |
| Soil | Rich, well-drained | Demands high-quality soil for optimal growth. |
| Growth Period | Approximately nine months | Faster maturity compared to other coffee varieties. |
| Maturity | 5-7 years | It takes longer to mature compared to Robusta coffee trees. |
Characteristics of Arabica Coffee Beans
Below are the described characteristics that define arabica coffee and are the reasons for the love of these coffee beans worldwide.
Climate
Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) survives temperatures of 15-25°C in temperate climates. It requires an optimal rainfall of about 1500-3000 mm annually and grows well at high altitudes, often above 1000 meters above sea level. These conditions significantly contribute to the development of its flavor and acidity.
Flavor and Aroma
Arabica coffee beans’ flavor is unique and much more prosperous than Robusta coffee beans. They may contain delicate, complex undertones like fruit, flower, and nut and have a delicate and harmonious taste.
This variance describes the taste as noble, with a better flavor and fine acidity at the same time. The fragrance is unique and inviting, with aromatic qualities such as jasmine, citrus, and berries. Their specific taste is unique based on the location of the grain, how it is processed, and the coffee roasting point.
Acidity
Arabica coffee has a sharp or defined acidity, showing that it will have that brightness or tanginess when consumed. This acidity can range from mild to tangy, enhancing the overall complexity and freshness of the brew.
Caffeine Content
In this case, Arabica coffee beans have relatively less caffeine content compared and averaged approximately 1. 8% to 1. 5% by weight. Due to their lower caffeine content, they are not bitter and, hence, are preferable to people with sensitive stomachs or who just want less intense coffee.
Oil Percentage
The Arabica beans contain slightly less oil, ranging from 15-17 %, and help make the coffee’s crema layer and texture denser. It also increases the general body and mouthfeel of the brews, which is associated with this oil content in beer.
Sugar Content
Arabica has a slightly higher sugar content, varying from 6% to 9%. It helps to create additional sweetness and balance for the guys’ taste because of the higher sugar level. The roast drips a little, and in the process, the natural sugars in the coffee’s beans are caramelized, adding to the already existing sweetness and richness of the coffee.
Appearance
Arabica coffee beans are primarily oval and flat and have an S-shaped cut on one side. Typical in size and appearance, they are somewhat rounder, varying in color from green to deep brown.
Health Benefits
Arabica coffee has antioxidant properties that offer several health benefits and combat oxidative stress in the body. It supports cognitive function, improves physical performance, and promotes heart health. The lower caffeine content can also make Arabica coffee more manageable on the digestive system than higher-caffeine varieties.
3 Major Types of Arabica Coffee Beans
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) encompasses several notable varieties, each with unique characteristics, including Bourbon, Typica, Geisha, SL28, SL34, Caturra, Catuaí, Mundo Novo, Pacamara, Maragogipe, and Pacas. But here, we will discuss only three major types.
Bourbon
Bourbon from the island of Bourbon (now Réunion) is a high-quality Arabica variety known for its round leaves and bright red cherries. It grows well at high elevations and is known for its bright acidity and bold flavor. Bourbons generally have chocolate and caramel fruit notes in their profile, making them appealing to coffee enthusiasts.
Typica
Typica, one of the oldest varieties of Arabica, has long leaves and ovate cherries. Typica plants, grown in Central and South America and Asia, are known for their resistance to environmental stress, producing coffee with clean flavors and mild acidity. Subtle notes of fruit and caramel generally balance these taste notes.
Geisha
Gesha is a rare and highly prized species that originated in Ethiopia and is now mainly grown in Panama. Geisha, known for its large, long leaves and cherry trees, grows at 1,500 to 1,800 meters. The coffee from the Geisha plant is known for its uniquely complex flavors, with floral jasmine, bergamot, and tropical fruits, and its rare and unique flavors make it a sought-after Arabica variety and one of the most expensive.
How Can You Brew a Perfect Cup of Arabica Coffee?
Here are the highlights refined in human-written natural language:
- Start with your preferred recipe to make the perfect cup of Arabica coffee. Options include drip, pour, fin filter, French press, or Aeropress, each offering unique flavors.
- For coffee drops, use medium-roasted Arabica coffee and a water-to-coffee ratio of 1:15 to 1:18. Let the hot water run through a filter to balance the flavors.
- To pour over, use medium-coarse Arabica coffee grounds in a dripper with a filter. Pour the hot water in a circular motion to collect the dry alcohol.
- Fin strainer is a traditional Vietnamese recipe. The ground coffee beads are soaked in water for 45 minutes, and then the hot water slowly passes through the filter for 5-7 minutes.
- Take a coffee grinder with a French press, pour in hot water, stir, and let it settle, then fill to a full cup after 4-10 minutes.
- For the Aeropress, combine the coffee grounds with hot water, stirring shortly after brewing, and squeeze out a smooth cup.
- To make the espresso, coarsely grind the beans, heat the machine, add volume, tamp the coffee, drain for 25-30 minutes, and serve immediately.
- To cool, mix Arabica coffee grounds with cold water at 1:4 to 1:8. Refrigerate for 12-36 hours, then strain and serve over ice or with milk/cream.
- Enjoy Arabica and coffee flavors in desserts like tiramisu, ice cream, chocolate, and energy gummies for a different twist.
- Experiment with different brewing methods and styles to find your perfect cup and enjoy the variety of flavors of Arabica coffee.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Makes Arabica Coffee Beans Unique?
Arabica coffee beans have a higher fat content than Robusta beans, which gives them a richer taste and texture. Compared to Robusta beans, Arabica beans have less caffeine, so they do not taste very bitter, which suits those who take light coffee.
What Is the Main Flavor of Arabica Coffee Beans?
There is evidence that Arabica bestows a smooth, rich body on its beans, with a hint of fruit, floral tones, and nuts. Sweetness is affected by the differences in the agricultural region of the beans, as well as the processing method and fermentation.
Why is Arabica Coffee More Expensive than Other Varieties?
Arabica coffee has attributes that make it costly. These beans have growing conditions or requirements that take more time and high production costs to mature. Beans grow in areas of high altitudes, and regarding climate, they require certain conditions, making the farming process demanding and costly in terms of labor.
Bottom Line
Arabica coffee beans are preferred for their excellent taste, pleasant aroma, and unique growing conditions. Their delicate and subtle flavor is a favorite among coffee lovers. These beans are fruity and bright, firm and full-bodied, filling a variety of desirable textures. Their low caffeine content and health benefits make Arabica beans a viable and perfect option. Enjoying a cup of Arabica coffee can elevate your daily routine, making for a satisfying and enjoyable experience every time you drink it.